Commonly used crushers are jaw crusher, impact crusher, gyratory crusher, cone crusher, roller crusher, hammer crusher and vertical shaft impact crusher.
Jaw Crusher
It is a crushing machine that uses the extrusion and bending action of two jaw plates to crush materials with various hardnesses. The crushing mechanism consists of a fixed jaw plate and a movable jaw plate. When the two jaws approach, the material is broken, and when the two jaws leave, the material blocks smaller than the discharge opening are discharged from the bottom. Its crushing action is carried out intermittently. This kind of crusher has simple structure, reliable operation, and can crush hard materials. It is widely used in mineral processing, building materials, silicate, ceramics and other industrial sectors.
By the 1980s, the feed particle size of the large jaw crusher that crushed 800 tons of material per hour had reached about 1800 mm. Commonly used jaw crushers have double toggle and single toggle. The former only swings in a simple arc during work, so it is also called a simple swing jaw crusher; the latter moves up and down while swinging in an arc, so it is also called a compound swing jaw crusher.
Gyratory Crusher
It is a large-scale crusher that uses the rotary motion of the crushing cone in the cone cavity of the shell to squeeze, split and bend the material, and roughly crush ores or rocks of various hardness. The upper end of the main shaft equipped with the crushing cone is supported on the bushing in the middle of the beam, and the lower end is placed in the eccentric hole of the bushing. When the shaft sleeve rotates, the crushing cone makes an eccentric rotary motion around the center line of the machine. Its crushing action is carried out continuously, so its working efficiency is higher than that of jaw crusher.
There are two ways for the gyratory crusher to realize the adjustment and overload insurance of the discharge opening: one is the mechanical way. There is an adjusting nut on the upper end of the main shaft. When the adjusting nut is turned, the crushing cone can be lowered or raised, so that the discharge opening changes accordingly. Large or small, when overloaded, cut off the safety pin on the drive pulley to achieve safety; the second is the hydraulic gyratory crusher, whose main shaft is located on the plunger of the hydraulic cylinder to change the pressure under the plunger. The volume of hydraulic oil can change the upper and lower positions of the crushing cone, thereby changing the size of the discharge opening.
Cone Crusher
The working principle of the gyratory crusher is the same as that of the gyratory crusher, but it is only suitable for crushing machinery for medium or fine crushing operations. The uniformity of the discharge particle size of the medium and fine crushing operations is generally higher than that of the coarse crushing operations. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a parallel area at the lower part of the crushing cavity, and at the same time speed up the rotation speed of the crushing cone, so that the materials in the parallel area are affected. More than a squeeze.
The discharge opening of the cone crusher is small, and it is more likely to cause accidents when unbroken materials are mixed into the feed. Moreover, because the medium and fine crushing operations have strict requirements on the discharge particle size, it is necessary to adjust the discharge opening liner in time after wear and tear, so the safety of the cone crusher And adjustment device is more needed than coarse crushing operation.
When the Simon type spring safety cone crusher is overloaded, the cone shell forces the spring to compress and lift itself, there by increasing the discharge opening and discharging unbroken materials. The adjustment of the discharge port is carried out by the adjusting sleeve, and the adjusting sleeve fixed on the shell can drive the shell to rise or fall through the thread on the outer circle to change the size of the discharge port. The safety and adjustment method of hydraulic cone crusher is the same as that of hydraulic gyratory crusher.
Roll Crusher
It is a machine that uses the frictional force on the surface of the drum to bite the material into the crushing area, so that it can be crushed by extrusion or splitting. For coarse crushing or when it is necessary to increase the crushing ratio, teeth or grooves are often made on the roller surface to increase the splitting effect. Roll crushers are usually divided into single roll, double roll and multi-roll crushers according to the number of rolls. It is suitable for coarse, medium and fine crushing of materials below medium hardness such as coal, limestone, cement clinker and feldspar.
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